Table 2 Comparison of in-hospital characteristics, lethal diamond elements and transfusions
Variables | Overall groupa | Hypocalcemia (iCa < 1.10 mmol/L) | p valueb | Missing valuesa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 2141) | Noa (n = 763) | Yesa (n = 1378) | |||
Trauma bay hemodynamics | |||||
First SBP (mmHg) | 100 [77–122] | 102 [82–124] | 98 [75–120] | < 0.001 | 61 (2.8) |
First HR (beat/min) | 104 [86–123] | 100 [84–120] | 105 [87–124] | 0.008 | 31 (1.4) |
Shock Index | 1.0 [0.8–1.4] | 1.0 [0.7–1.3] | 1.1 [0.8–1.5] | < 0.001 | 85 (4.0) |
Therapy | |||||
Endotracheal intubation | 150 (13.9) | 53 (12.5) | 97 (14.7) | 0.3 | 1060 (50) |
Norepinephrine | 533 (49.1) | 159 (37.3) | 374 (56.7) | < 0.001 | 1055 (49) |
Tranexamic acid | 1,366 (74.6) | 469 (72.0) | 897 (76.0) | 0.066 | 309 (14) |
Hospital admission laboratory values | |||||
Lactate (mmol/L) | 4.1 [2.4–7.2] | 3.4 [2.1–5.8] | 4.5 [2.6–7.8] | < 0.001 | 1192 (56) |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.0 [8.4–11.7] | 10.5 [8.9–12.0] | 9.8 [8.2–11.4] | < 0.001 | 24 (1.1) |
Platelet count (G/L) | 195 [146–250] | 213 [160–265] | 187 [137–242] | < 0.001 | 41 (1.9) |
Fibrinogen (g/L) | 1.6 [1.1–2.1] | 1.8 [1.3–2.3] | 1.5 [1.0–2.0] | < 0.001 | 55 (2.6) |
Transfusion at 6 h | |||||
RBC (units) | 5 [3–8] | 4 [2–6] | 5 [4–8] | < 0.001 | 2 (< 0.1) |
FFP (units) | 4 [2–6] | 3 [2–5] | 4 [2–7] | < 0.001 | 1 (< 0.1) |
MT (≥ 6 RBCs in 6 h) | 923 (43.1) | 256 (33.6) | 667 (48.4) | < 0.001 | 1 (< 0.1) |
Lethal diamond elements (H24 min value) | |||||
iCa (mmol/L) | 1.0 [0.9–1.1] | 1.1 [1.1–1.2] | 0.9 [0.8–1.0] | < 0.001 | 0 |
pH | 7.2 [7.1–7.3] | 7.2 [7.1–7.3] | 7.2 [7.0–7.3] | < 0.001 | 0 |
Temperature (°C) | 35.0 [34.0–35.8] | 35.2 [34.2–36.0] | 34.8 [33.7–35.7] | < 0.001 | 0 |
PT ratio (%) | 50.0 [35.0–62.0] | 56.0 [42.5–68.0] | 46.0 [32.3–58.0] | < 0.001 | 0 |
Severe hypocalcemia (< 0.84 mmol/L) | 345 (16.1) | 0 (0) | 345 (25) | < 0.001 | 0 |
Outcomes | |||||
24-h mortality | 323 (16.1) | 87 (12.2) | 236 (18.2) | < 0.001 | 134 (6.3) |
ISS | 27 [17–41] | 25 [16–37] | 29 [18–41] | < 0.001 | 52 (2.4) |
Death by exsanguination | 135 (6.3) | 30 (3.9) | 105 (7.6) | 0.039 | 0 |