Table 1 Clinical characteristics of 19 cases (16 reported cases and our 3 cases)
Author/ Year | Age | Sex | Mechanism of injury | Other areas of injury in the torso | Rib fracture | Timing of diagnosis or manifestation | TAE for other thoracic arteries | Side | Symptoms | Complications | Procedures including hemostatic technique | In-hospital prognosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Jones/ 1993 | 21 | M | Motorcycle accident | - Bil PTx, pulmonary contusion - Liver laceration - Splenic fracture - Rt hemorrhage | NR | 16 d after injury | - | Rt | Shock, hypoxia | Uneventful | TAE with polyvinyl alcohol particle | Survived |
Ueshima/ 2008 | 64 | F | Traffic accident | - Rt hemothorax - Liver injury | NR | 1 d after injury | Rt ICA and IMA | Rt | Continued bloody drainage from ICD | NR | TAE with NBCA | Survived |
Aoki/ 2015 | 81 | F | Traffic accident | - Pelvic fracture | No | 60Â min after arrival | - | Rt | Shock | Uneventful | TAE with NBCA | Survived |
Yamanashi/ 2015 | 75 | M | Motorcycle accident | - Rt multiple rib fracture - Liver injury - Hemorrhagic pleural effusion | Rt 7–8, 10–11 | 24 h from admission | - | Rt | Sudden bloody drainage, hemodynamic instability | Empyema due to Klebsiella pneumoniae | TAE with GS | Died |
Umesaki/ 2016 | 88 | F | Unclear | - Rt multiple rib fracture | Rt, multiple | NR | - | Rt | Rt lateral chest pain | Prolonged mechanical ventilation | TAE | Survived |
Inokuma/ 2017 | 66 | F | Unclear | - Rt rib fracture | Rt 11, 12 | 4 d after chest pain | - | Rt | Tachycardia | Uneventful | TAE with NBCA | Survived |
Maeshima/ 2017 | 54 | M | Fall | - Rt rib fracture | Rt 9 | 1 d after injury | - | Rt | Shock, dyspnea | Uneventful | TAE with NBCA | Survived |
Miyanaga/ 2017 | 75 | F | Ejection from vehicle | - Bil tension PTX, rib fracture, pulmonary contusion - Liver/spleen injury - lumbar vertebral fracture | Most of all ribs | 2 d after injury | - | Rt | Shock, Increased bloody drainage from ICD | Required tracheostomy, Critical illness myopathy | TAE Hematoma evacuation | Survived |
Fujimoto/ 2018 | 33 | F | Fall | - Rt rib fracture | Rt 11 | 2 wk after injury | - | Rt | Shock, Rt flank pain | Residual hematoma | TAE Hematoma evacuation | Survived |
Matsushiro/ 2018 | 78 | F | Vehicle rollover | - Tension PTx - Multiple rib fracture - Liver/splenic injury | Multiple | 1 d after injury | - | Rt | Increased bloody drainage from ICD, hemodynamic instability | NR | TAE with GS Hematoma evacuation | Survived |
Nakaizumi/ 2019 | 58 | M | Collision with a car | - Bil multiple rib fracture - Rt PTx - Lt HTx, pulmonary contusion | Bilateral and multiple | 6 d after injury | - | Lt | Shock and progressive anemia | NR | TAE with NBCA Hematoma evacualtion and rib fixation | Survived |
Hachiya/ 2019 | 72 | F | Collision with a car | - Bil multiple rib fracture - Pulmonary contusion - Liver injury - Pelvic fracture | Multiple | Immediately after admission to ICU | - | Rt | Shock and increase bloody drainage from ICD | NR | TAE | NR |
Muronoi/ 2020 | 58 | M | Fall | - Lt rib fractures - Thoracic (Th11) and lumbar (L1, 2 3) vertebral fractures | Lt 11, 12 | 17Â h after injury | Â | Lt | Shock | Uneventful | Thoracotomy/ suture of the diaphragm | Survived |
Okamoto/ 2022 | 70s | M | Motorcycle accident | - Rt multiple rib fracture, pulmonary contusion | Rt 4–9 | 1 d after injury | - | Rt | Shock, hypoxia | Uneventful | TAE Hematoma evacuation | Survived |
Fukuda/ 2024 | 80s | F | Fall | - Rt HPTx, multiple rib fracture | Multiple | Immediately after injury | - | Rt | Shock, hypoxia | Uneventful | TAE with GS | Survived |
Our case 1 | 81 | M | Fall | - Rt HPTx, multiple rib fracture | Rt 8–12 | 37 h after injury | Rt ICA | Rt | Shock | Ventilator-associated pneumonia | TAE with NBCA Thoracotomy /ligation | Survived |
Our case 2 | 86 | F | Fall | - Rt rib fracture | Rt 8–11 | 3 wk after injury | Rt ICA | Rt | Shock | Uneventful | TAE with GS Hematoma evacuation | Survived |
Our case 3 | 89 | M | Fall | - Bil PTx - Rt rib fracture | Rt 6–8 | The day of visit | Rt ICA | Rt | Shock | Non-resolving renal failure | TAE with GS | Died |